<div style="padding:40px;color:#cbccc6"><h1>Ackley 函数</h1><p>多模态地形测试。</p><div style="padding:20px;background:#0d1017;border-left:3px solid #ffb454"><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.1076em;">f</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.2222em;vertical-align:-0.0833em;"></span><span class="mord">−</span><span class="mord">20</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.1388em;"><span style="top:-3.1388em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7258em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">−</span><span class="mord mtight">0.2</span><span class="mord sqrt mtight"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.0369em;"><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.4286em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.4286em;"></span><span class="mord mtight" style="padding-left:1.19em;"><span class="mopen mtight">(</span><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.7463em;"><span style="top:-2.786em;margin-right:0.0714em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mbin mtight">+</span><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.0359em;">y</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.7463em;"><span style="top:-2.786em;margin-right:0.0714em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose mtight">)</span><span class="mord mtight">/2</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.0089em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.4286em;"></span><span class="hide-tail mtight" style="min-width:0.853em;height:1.5429em;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="400em" height="1.5429em" viewBox="0 0 400000 1080" preserveAspectRatio="xMinYMin slice"><path d="M95,702 c-2.7,0,-7.17,-2.7,-13.5,-8c-5.8,-5.3,-9.5,-10,-9.5,-14 c0,-2,0.3,-3.3,1,-4c1.3,-2.7,23.83,-20.7,67.5,-54 c44.2,-33.3,65.8,-50.3,66.5,-51c1.3,-1.3,3,-2,5,-2c4.7,0,8.7,3.3,12,10 s173,378,173,378c0.7,0,35.3,-71,104,-213c68.7,-142,137.5,-285,206.5,-429 c69,-144,104.5,-217.7,106.5,-221 l0 -0 c5.3,-9.3,12,-14,20,-14 H400000v40H845.2724 s-225.272,467,-225.272,467s-235,486,-235,486c-2.7,4.7,-9,7,-19,7 c-6,0,-10,-1,-12,-3s-194,-422,-194,-422s-65,47,-65,47z M834 80h400000v40h-400000z"/></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.4197em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.0213em;vertical-align:-0.0833em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.938em;"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mopen mtight">(</span><span class="mop mtight"><span class="mtight">c</span><span class="mtight">o</span><span class="mtight">s</span></span><span class="mspace mtight" style="margin-right:0.1952em;"></span><span class="mord mtight">2</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.0359em;">π</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">x</span><span class="mbin mtight">+</span><span class="mop mtight"><span class="mtight">c</span><span class="mtight">o</span><span class="mtight">s</span></span><span class="mspace mtight" style="margin-right:0.1952em;"></span><span class="mord mtight">2</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.0359em;">π</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.0359em;">y</span><span class="mclose mtight">)</span><span class="mord mtight">/2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6667em;vertical-align:-0.0833em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6444em;"></span><span class="mord">20</span></span></span></span></span></div><p style="color:#707a8c">该页面需要 JavaScript 进行交互式可视化。</p></div>