<div style="padding:40px;color:#cbccc6"><h1>Duffing 振子</h1><p>非线性弹簧 + 周期外力 → 混沌。</p><div style="padding:20px;background:#0d1017;border-left:3px solid #ffb454"><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.7778em;vertical-align:-0.0833em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">dd</span><span class="mord mathnormal">o</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.0197em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.7778em;vertical-align:-0.0833em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="mord mathnormal">o</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.0197em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ha</span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8641em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">b</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8641em;"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.625em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.0359em;">g</span><span class="mord mathnormal">amma</span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.4306em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">cos</span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8095em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">o</span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.0359em;">g</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span></span></span></span></span></div><p style="color:#707a8c">该页面需要 JavaScript 进行交互式可视化。</p></div>